Short answer

When designing or improving a shopping destination, consider its competitiveness across atmosphere, merchandise, service, affordability, cultural appeal, safety, accessibility, and promotional efforts.

Field
Innovation & Markets
Source
Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing (2018)
Method
Scale Development and Validation
Sample
523 participants
Evidence
Strong effect

Shopping destination competitiveness can be effectively measured and understood through nine distinct dimensions, encompassing atmosphere, merchandise, service, affordability, cultural influence, safety, accessibility, government promotion, and overall attractiveness. This innovation & markets research insight is drawn from a 2018 study published in Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. Using Scale development and validation with 523 participants, researchers explored how this design variable affects real-world outcomes. The key design takeaway: When designing or improving a shopping destination, consider its competitiveness across atmosphere, merchandise, service, affordability, cultural appeal, safety, accessibility, and promotional efforts.

Study
Innovation & MarketsHigh ImpactStrong effect

Nine Dimensions Define Shopping Destination Competitiveness

Shopping destination competitiveness can be effectively measured and understood through nine distinct dimensions, encompassing atmosphere, merchandise, service, affordability, cultural influence, safety, accessibility, government promotion, and overall attractiveness.

Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · 2018

01

Key Findings

  • 01Shopping destination competitiveness is multi-dimensional.
  • 02The nine key dimensions are: shopping atmosphere, merchandise, store service orientation, affordability, Korean pop culture, safety climate, accessibility, government promotion, and attractiveness.
02

Application

Design takeaway

When designing or improving a shopping destination, consider its competitiveness across atmosphere, merchandise, service, affordability, cultural appeal, safety, accessibility, and promotional efforts.

How to apply

Use the nine identified dimensions as a checklist when evaluating or designing a shopping district, retail center, or tourism package focused on shopping.

Project actions

  • 01When researching a product or service, consider if it has similar multi-dimensional success factors.
  • 02Think about how different elements of a design contribute to its overall appeal and competitiveness in its market.
03

Method & Evidence

AimTo develop and validate a measurement scale for shopping destination competitiveness, identifying key attributes and dimensions.
MethodScale Development and Validation
ProcedureThe researchers integrated models of destination competitiveness and servicescape, alongside the Globe Shopping Index, to create a measurement scale. This scale was then administered to a sample of consumers, and the data was analyzed to validate the proposed dimensions.
Sample523 participants
ContextTourism and destination marketing

Variables

IV["Shopping atmosphere","Merchandise","Store service orientation","Affordability","Korean pop culture","Safety climate","Accessibility","Government promotion","Attractiveness"]
DVShopping destination competitiveness
04

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths

  • +Development of a validated measurement scale.
  • +Integration of multiple theoretical models.

Limitations

The specific cultural dimension (Korean pop culture) may not be relevant for all design projects. The study relies on self-reported data, which can be subject to bias.

Reliability & validity

The study reports on scale development and validation, suggesting efforts were made to ensure reliability and validity of the measurement instrument.

Think critically

How might the relative importance of these nine dimensions shift for different target demographics or types of shopping (e.g., luxury vs. discount)?

05

Design Principles

"A competitive shopping destination is a holistic ecosystem influenced by tangible and intangible factors that collectively enhance visitor experience and choice."

Understanding these dimensions allows destination marketers and urban planners to identify strengths and weaknesses, enabling targeted strategies to enhance visitor appeal and economic viability. This framework provides a practical tool for competitive analysis and strategic development in the tourism sector.

06

What This Means for Your Design

This research found that what makes a place good for shopping depends on nine things: the vibe, what you can buy, how good the shops are, how much things cost, if it's trendy (like K-pop), if it feels safe, how easy it is to get there, if the government promotes it, and if people think it's a nice place overall.

How to use in your project

  • 1.This research can inform the 'Analysis of existing products' section by providing a framework for evaluating competitors based on destination appeal.
  • 2.The identified dimensions can be used to justify design choices aimed at improving a product's market competitiveness.
07

Add to My Project

08

Quick Cite

Paragraph starter

This research highlights that shopping destination competitiveness is influenced by nine key dimensions: shopping atmosphere, merchandise, store service orientation, affordability, cultural influence, safety, accessibility, government promotion, and attractiveness. This multi-faceted approach to evaluating a destination's appeal can be applied to understanding the competitive landscape of any market, informing design decisions that aim to enhance user experience and market viability.

09

Source

Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing

Shopping destination competitiveness: scale development and validation

journal · 2018

View source

Questions About This Research

What does the research say about nine dimensions define shopping destination competitiveness?
When designing or improving a shopping destination, consider its competitiveness across atmosphere, merchandise, service, affordability, cultural appeal, safety, accessibility, and promotional efforts. Evidence: Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing (2018).
Why does "Nine Dimensions Define Shopping Destination Competitiveness" matter for design?
Understanding these dimensions allows destination marketers and urban planners to identify strengths and weaknesses, enabling targeted strategies to enhance visitor appeal and economic viability. This framework provides a practical tool for competitive analysis and strategic development in the tourism sector.
How can designers apply this research?
When designing or improving a shopping destination, consider its competitiveness across atmosphere, merchandise, service, affordability, cultural appeal, safety, accessibility, and promotional efforts.
What were the main findings?
Shopping destination competitiveness is multi-dimensional.. The nine key dimensions are: shopping atmosphere, merchandise, store service orientation, affordability, Korean pop culture, safety climate, accessibility, government promotion, and attractiveness.
What research method was used?
Scale Development and Validation with 523 participants.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence strength is rated Strong effect, based on a 2018 journal from Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing.
What should I do differently in my next project?
Use the nine identified dimensions as a checklist when evaluating or designing a shopping district, retail center, or tourism package focused on shopping.
What are the limitations?
The study's focus on Korean pop culture as a dimension might not be universally applicable to all shopping destinations. The scale's validation is based on a specific consumer sample, and its generalizability to other tourist demographics or regions may vary.