Short answer

Designers must observe and understand how users *actually* interact with a space to create environments that are truly functional and supportive, rather than relying solely on pre-defined intentions.

Field
User-Centred Design
Source
Aaltodoc (Aalto University) (2015)
Method
Practice theory-based fieldwork, including direct observations, interviews, and informal discussions.
Evidence
Strong effect

Employees actively adapt and redefine virtual multispace office environments based on their actual work practices, rather than adhering strictly to intended usage patterns. This user-centred design research insight is drawn from a 2015 study published in Aaltodoc (Aalto University). Using Practice theory-based fieldwork, including direct observations, interviews, and informal discussions., researchers explored how this design variable affects real-world outcomes. The key design takeaway: Designers must observe and understand how users *actually* interact with a space to create environments that are truly functional and supportive, rather than relying solely on pre-defined intentions.

Study
User-Centred DesignHigh ImpactStrong effect

Employee appropriation of virtual multispace offices diverges from designer intent

Employees actively adapt and redefine virtual multispace office environments based on their actual work practices, rather than adhering strictly to intended usage patterns.

Aaltodoc (Aalto University) · 2015

01

Key Findings

  • 01Office space is not a static container but a dynamic force that shapes user behavior.
  • 02Employees actively appropriate and adapt office spaces to their emergent work practices.
  • 03There is a significant divergence between the intended use of multispace offices and how employees actually utilize them.
02

Application

Design takeaway

Designers must observe and understand how users *actually* interact with a space to create environments that are truly functional and supportive, rather than relying solely on pre-defined intentions.

How to apply

When designing or redesigning workspaces, conduct ethnographic research (observations and interviews) to understand current work practices before finalizing design concepts.

Project actions

  • 01When designing a space, think about how people might use it in ways you haven't considered.
  • 02Observe people using existing spaces to understand their real needs.
03

Method & Evidence

AimTo investigate the discrepancies between expected and actual usage of virtual multispace offices, and how office design influences employee work practices.
MethodPractice theory-based fieldwork, including direct observations, interviews, and informal discussions.
ProcedureResearchers observed and interviewed employees within virtual multispace office settings to document their interactions with the space and compare these practices against the initial design intentions.
ContextContemporary office environments, specifically virtual multispace offices.

Variables

IVOffice design (virtual multispace)
DVEmployee work practices and appropriation of space
CVOrganizational context, type of knowledge work
04

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths

  • +Employs a practice theory perspective, offering a nuanced understanding of the social and material interplay.
  • +Utilizes rich qualitative data from observations and interviews.

Limitations

The observed practices might be unique to the specific company or type of office studied.

Reliability & validity

The validity is strengthened by the use of multiple qualitative methods (observation, interviews). Reliability might be a concern due to the subjective nature of interpreting user practices.

Think critically

How can designers create spaces that are flexible enough to accommodate unpredictable user adaptations while still maintaining a coherent design vision?

05

Design Principles

"Design for emergent use: Spaces should be designed to accommodate and facilitate evolving user practices rather than dictating them."

This highlights a critical gap between the conceptualization of flexible workspaces and their lived experience. Designers and organizations must move beyond prescriptive layouts to understand and support the emergent, dynamic ways users interact with and shape their environments.

06

What This Means for Your Design

People use offices differently than designers expect, and they change the office as they use it.

How to use in your project

  • 1.Use this to justify observing users in your design project to understand their real needs and how they interact with prototypes or existing solutions.
07

Add to My Project

08

Quick Cite

Paragraph starter

This research highlights that user practices are dynamic and can significantly diverge from initial design intentions in multispace office environments. My design process will incorporate iterative observation and user feedback to ensure the final solution effectively supports emergent user behaviours, rather than relying solely on prescriptive design concepts.

09

Source

Aaltodoc (Aalto University)

Lifting the curtain on contemporary office: Expected versus actual practices of virtual multispace office

journal · 2015

View source

Questions About This Research

What does the research say about employee appropriation of virtual multispace offices diverges from designer intent?
Designers must observe and understand how users *actually* interact with a space to create environments that are truly functional and supportive, rather than relying solely on pre-defined intentions. Evidence: Aaltodoc (Aalto University) (2015).
Why does "Employee appropriation of virtual multispace offices diverges from designer intent" matter for design?
This highlights a critical gap between the conceptualization of flexible workspaces and their lived experience. Designers and organizations must move beyond prescriptive layouts to understand and support the emergent, dynamic ways users interact with and shape their environments.
How can designers apply this research?
Designers must observe and understand how users *actually* interact with a space to create environments that are truly functional and supportive, rather than relying solely on pre-defined intentions.
What were the main findings?
Office space is not a static container but a dynamic force that shapes user behavior.. Employees actively appropriate and adapt office spaces to their emergent work practices.. There is a significant divergence between the intended use of multispace offices and how employees actually utilize them.
What research method was used?
Practice theory-based fieldwork, including direct observations, interviews, and informal discussions..
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence strength is rated Strong effect, based on a 2015 journal from Aaltodoc (Aalto University).
What should I do differently in my next project?
When designing or redesigning workspaces, conduct ethnographic research (observations and interviews) to understand current work practices before finalizing design concepts.
What are the limitations?
The study's findings may be specific to the particular organizational culture and type of virtual multispace office investigated.