Short answer

When designing or retrofitting building automation systems for demand response, prioritize communication protocols and control strategies that ensure rapid adjustments and maintain optimal indoor environmental conditions to prevent productivity decline.

Field
Human Factors
Source
Durham e-Theses (Durham University) (2015)
Method
Simulation and Protocol Analysis
Evidence
Moderate effect

Demand response strategies in office buildings can be implemented by leveraging building automation systems to manage energy loads, but careful consideration of communication protocols and rapid control is essential to maintain indoor environmental quality and worker productivity. This human factors research insight is drawn from a 2015 study published in Durham e-Theses (Durham University). Using Simulation and protocol analysis, researchers explored how this design variable affects real-world outcomes. The key design takeaway: When designing or retrofitting building automation systems for demand response, prioritize communication protocols and control strategies that ensure rapid adjustments and maintain optimal indoor environmental conditions to prevent productivity decline.

Study
Human FactorsHigh ImpactModerate effect

Optimizing Office Building Energy Use Without Sacrificing Worker Productivity

Demand response strategies in office buildings can be implemented by leveraging building automation systems to manage energy loads, but careful consideration of communication protocols and rapid control is essential to maintain indoor environmental quality and worker productivity.

Durham e-Theses (Durham University) · 2015

01

Key Findings

  • 01Lighting loads must be utilized in every demand response scenario alongside HVAC.
  • 02Control systems need to operate rapidly due to changing conditions.
  • 03KNX and LonWorks protocols can experience excessive communication channel overload and lag, hindering real-time agent-based communication for demand response.
02

Application

Design takeaway

When designing or retrofitting building automation systems for demand response, prioritize communication protocols and control strategies that ensure rapid adjustments and maintain optimal indoor environmental conditions to prevent productivity decline.

How to apply

When specifying building automation systems for commercial projects, evaluate the communication protocol's ability to handle high-frequency data exchange required for rapid demand response adjustments without compromising system responsiveness.

Project actions

  • 01When researching demand response, consider how changes to building systems might affect the people using the space.
  • 02Investigate different communication protocols used in building automation and their suitability for time-sensitive control.
03

Method & Evidence

AimTo investigate the feasibility of implementing productivity-based demand response in office buildings using building automation standards, focusing on maintaining indoor environmental quality and minimizing productivity loss.
MethodSimulation and Protocol Analysis
ProcedureA simulator for a typical office building was developed to model energy consumption. An Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ)-based control algorithm was created to minimize productivity reduction during demand response events. The suitability of KNX and LonWorks communication protocols for a multi-agent lighting control system was then tested.
ContextOffice buildings with Building Management Systems (BMS)

Variables

IV["Demand response activation","Communication protocol (KNX, LonWorks)"]
DV["Productivity (simulated)","Indoor Environment Quality (simulated)","Communication channel load","Communication lag"]
CV["Office building simulation model","Lighting and HVAC control algorithms","Demand response scenario parameters"]
04

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths

  • +Addresses a practical problem in building energy management.
  • +Utilizes simulation to test feasibility before real-world implementation.
  • +Evaluates specific communication protocols relevant to the field.

Limitations

The simulation might not perfectly replicate the complex interactions of a real office environment. The study focused on specific communication protocols, and others might perform differently.

Reliability & validity

The reliability of the simulation model is crucial for the validity of the findings. The study's validity is strengthened by testing specific, widely used communication protocols. However, generalizability to all office buildings and all demand response scenarios may be limited.

Think critically

To what extent can current building automation standards truly support rapid, real-time demand response without negatively impacting occupant productivity and comfort, and what are the long-term implications of prioritizing energy savings over human factors?

05

Design Principles

"Energy efficiency measures in occupied spaces must be designed with a primary focus on maintaining or enhancing human comfort and productivity."

This research highlights the critical link between energy management and human performance in commercial spaces. Designers and facility managers must balance energy efficiency goals with the need to provide a comfortable and productive work environment, recognizing that occupant well-being is directly influenced by building system operations.

06

What This Means for Your Design

You can save energy in offices by dimming lights or adjusting the air conditioning when the electricity grid is stressed, but you need to make sure the building's control system can do this quickly and without making people uncomfortable or less productive.

How to use in your project

  • 1.Reference this study when discussing the trade-offs between energy efficiency and user comfort in your design project.
  • 2.Use the findings to justify the selection of specific building automation components or control strategies.
07

Add to My Project

08

Quick Cite

Paragraph starter

Research by Kara (2015) indicates that implementing demand response in office buildings requires careful consideration of communication protocols within building automation systems. The study found that common protocols like KNX and LonWorks can experience significant lag and channel overload, potentially hindering the rapid control necessary to maintain indoor environmental quality and worker productivity during demand response events. This highlights the need for designers to select communication technologies that can support real-time adjustments without compromising occupant well-being.

09

Source

Durham e-Theses (Durham University)

Implementing Productivity Based Demand Response in Office Buildings Using Building Automation Standards

journal · 2015

View source

Questions About This Research

What does the research say about optimizing office building energy use without sacrificing worker productivity?
When designing or retrofitting building automation systems for demand response, prioritize communication protocols and control strategies that ensure rapid adjustments and maintain optimal indoor environmental conditions to prevent productivity decline. Evidence: Durham e-Theses (Durham University) (2015).
Why does "Optimizing Office Building Energy Use Without Sacrificing Worker Productivity" matter for design?
This research highlights the critical link between energy management and human performance in commercial spaces. Designers and facility managers must balance energy efficiency goals with the need to provide a comfortable and productive work environment, recognizing that occupant well-being is directly influenced by building system operations.
How can designers apply this research?
When designing or retrofitting building automation systems for demand response, prioritize communication protocols and control strategies that ensure rapid adjustments and maintain optimal indoor environmental conditions to prevent productivity decline.
What were the main findings?
Lighting loads must be utilized in every demand response scenario alongside HVAC.. Control systems need to operate rapidly due to changing conditions.. KNX and LonWorks protocols can experience excessive communication channel overload and lag, hindering real-time agent-based communication for demand response.
What research method was used?
Simulation and Protocol Analysis.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence strength is rated Moderate effect, based on a 2015 journal from Durham e-Theses (Durham University).
What should I do differently in my next project?
When specifying building automation systems for commercial projects, evaluate the communication protocol's ability to handle high-frequency data exchange required for rapid demand response adjustments without compromising system responsiveness.
What are the limitations?
The study relies on a simulated office building environment, and real-world performance may vary. The analysis of communication protocols was specific to the tested multi-agent lighting control algorithm.