Short answer

When designing interventions or policies that involve diverse groups, focus on building trust and clearly communicating the absence of threat, rather than assuming tolerance will prevail.

Field
Human Factors
Source
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (2011)
Method
Historical case study analysis
Evidence
Strong effect

States may abandon tolerance and persecute religious minorities when political actors perceive specific groups as posing a threat to political order, overriding general norms of religious freedom. This human factors research insight is drawn from a 2011 study published in Deep Blue (University of Michigan). Using Historical case study analysis, researchers explored how this design variable affects real-world outcomes. The key design takeaway: When designing interventions or policies that involve diverse groups, focus on building trust and clearly communicating the absence of threat, rather than assuming tolerance will prevail.

Study
Human FactorsHigh ImpactStrong effect

Perceived Threat Drives State-Sanctioned Persecution of Religious Minorities

States may abandon tolerance and persecute religious minorities when political actors perceive specific groups as posing a threat to political order, overriding general norms of religious freedom.

Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · 2011

01

Key Findings

  • 01Persecution is not solely dependent on a group's unpopularity.
  • 02Political incentives for would-be persecutors are a key factor.
  • 03The ability to persuade others that repressive action strengthens political order is critical.
  • 04Governments and civic associations may persecute groups they believe pose unique threats, without seeing it as a broader endangerment of civil liberties.
02

Application

Design takeaway

When designing interventions or policies that involve diverse groups, focus on building trust and clearly communicating the absence of threat, rather than assuming tolerance will prevail.

How to apply

In community development projects or policy design, actively seek to understand and address any perceived threats that might arise between different stakeholder groups.

Project actions

  • 01When researching a design problem, consider the 'us vs. them' mentality that might exist between different user groups.
  • 02Think about how your design could inadvertently create or reinforce a sense of threat in one group towards another.
03

Method & Evidence

AimUnder what circumstances do states, particularly liberal democratic ones, deviate from norms of tolerance to persecute specific religious minorities?
MethodHistorical case study analysis
ProcedureThe research examined four historical instances of religious minority persecution: Mormons in the 1830s-1840s and 1880s, and Jehovah's Witnesses in WWII and contemporary Europe, analyzing the political incentives and justifications for these actions.
ContextSociopolitical dynamics and religious studies

Variables

IVPerceived threat to political order, political incentives for persecutors
DVState-sanctioned persecution of religious minorities
CVNorms of tolerance, existence of religious minorities
04

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths

  • +Provides a nuanced explanation for why tolerance breaks down.
  • +Uses historical examples to illustrate theoretical points.

Limitations

The historical context of the examples might not directly apply to modern, globalized societies without adaptation.

Reliability & validity

The validity of the findings relies on the historical interpretation of events and the analysis of political motivations. Reliability would depend on the consistency of these patterns across different historical periods and cultures.

Think critically

How can design actively counter the narrative of 'perceived threat' when introducing new technologies or social structures that might involve minority groups?

05

Design Principles

"Perceived threat is a powerful motivator for discriminatory action; design interventions to neutralize or reframe perceived threats."

Understanding the psychological and social drivers behind persecution is crucial for designing inclusive societies and policies. This insight highlights how perceived threats, rather than inherent group characteristics, can trigger discriminatory actions, informing strategies for conflict prevention and the promotion of civil liberties.

06

What This Means for Your Design

Sometimes, governments or groups of people decide to be unfair to certain religious minorities because they believe those minorities are a danger to society, and they can convince others to agree with them.

How to use in your project

  • 1.Reference this study when discussing how user perceptions, particularly fear or perceived threat, can influence the adoption or rejection of a design, or lead to social exclusion.
07

Add to My Project

08

Quick Cite

Paragraph starter

This research highlights that the persecution of minority groups is often driven by perceived threats to political order rather than inherent group characteristics. This suggests that in design projects, it is crucial to address and mitigate any potential perceptions of threat or otherness between different user groups to foster inclusivity and acceptance.

09

Source

Deep Blue (University of Michigan)

Essays on the Persecution of Religious Minorities.

journal · 2011

View source

Questions About This Research

What does the research say about perceived threat drives state-sanctioned persecution of religious minorities?
When designing interventions or policies that involve diverse groups, focus on building trust and clearly communicating the absence of threat, rather than assuming tolerance will prevail. Evidence: Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (2011).
Why does "Perceived Threat Drives State-Sanctioned Persecution of Religious Minorities" matter for design?
Understanding the psychological and social drivers behind persecution is crucial for designing inclusive societies and policies. This insight highlights how perceived threats, rather than inherent group characteristics, can trigger discriminatory actions, informing strategies for conflict prevention and the promotion of civil liberties.
How can designers apply this research?
When designing interventions or policies that involve diverse groups, focus on building trust and clearly communicating the absence of threat, rather than assuming tolerance will prevail.
What were the main findings?
Persecution is not solely dependent on a group's unpopularity.. Political incentives for would-be persecutors are a key factor.. The ability to persuade others that repressive action strengthens political order is critical.. Governments and civic associations may persecute groups they believe pose unique threats, without seeing it as a broader endangerment of civil liberties.
What research method was used?
Historical case study analysis.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence strength is rated Strong effect, based on a 2011 journal from Deep Blue (University of Michigan).
What should I do differently in my next project?
In community development projects or policy design, actively seek to understand and address any perceived threats that might arise between different stakeholder groups.
What are the limitations?
The study focuses on specific historical instances and may not generalize to all forms of minority persecution.