Short answer

Designers and marketers must actively consider and test product colors under a range of lighting conditions that consumers are likely to encounter, from retail displays to home use, to ensure accurate and appealing color perception.

Field
User-Centred Design
Source
Frontiers in Neuroscience (2023)
Method
Experimental study with participant assessment.
Sample
60 participants
Evidence
Strong effect

The perceived attractiveness and desirability of lipstick colors are highly subjective and demonstrably altered by the ambient light source, necessitating careful consideration of lighting in product development, retail, and application. This user-centred design research insight is drawn from a 2023 study published in Frontiers in Neuroscience. Using Experimental study with participant assessment. with 60 participants, researchers explored how this design variable affects real-world outcomes. The key design takeaway: Designers and marketers must actively consider and test product colors under a range of lighting conditions that consumers are likely to encounter, from retail displays to home use, to ensure accurate and appealing color perception.

Study
User-Centred DesignRecentStrong effect

Lipstick color perception shifts significantly under different lighting conditions, impacting purchase intent and attractiveness ratings.

The perceived attractiveness and desirability of lipstick colors are highly subjective and demonstrably altered by the ambient light source, necessitating careful consideration of lighting in product development, retail, and application.

Frontiers in Neuroscience · 2023

01

Key Findings

  • 01Light source significantly impacts color preference and purchase intention.
  • 02Lipstick color significantly influences perceived sexual attractiveness.
  • 03Women are more sensitive to light source variations and exhibit different attitudes towards lipstick colors under different lighting conditions compared to men.
  • 04No significant correlation was found between lipstick color preference on lips versus forearms.
02

Application

Design takeaway

Designers and marketers must actively consider and test product colors under a range of lighting conditions that consumers are likely to encounter, from retail displays to home use, to ensure accurate and appealing color perception.

How to apply

When developing or presenting cosmetic products, use standardized lighting booths that simulate various retail and home environments (e.g., warm incandescent, cool fluorescent, natural daylight) to evaluate color performance and consumer response.

Project actions

  • 01When testing color preferences, always specify and control the lighting conditions.
  • 02Consider how your design's color will be perceived in different environments (e.g., indoor vs. outdoor, day vs. night).
03

Method & Evidence

AimTo investigate how varying light sources influence consumer perception of lipstick color, specifically regarding preference, purchase intention, and perceived sexual attractiveness, and to explore gender-based differences in these perceptions.
MethodExperimental study with participant assessment.
ProcedureSixty participants evaluated 15 lipstick colors applied to three models under five different lighting conditions (varying in color temperature). They rated the lipsticks on color preference, purchase intention, and sexual attractiveness. The study also examined the correlation between color preference when lipstick was applied to lips versus forearms.
Sample60 participants
ContextCosmetics industry, retail environments, and lighting design for product display and use.

Variables

IV["Light source (type/CCT)","Lipstick color","Gender of participant"]
DV["Color preference rating","Purchase intention rating","Sexual attractiveness rating"]
CV["Number of lipstick colors","Number of models","Participant demographics (beyond gender, if controlled)","Testing environment (e.g., room size, distance from light)"]
04

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths

  • +Investigated multiple influencing factors (light, color, gender).
  • +Explored practical implications for the cosmetics industry.
  • +Included a comparison of application sites for color testing.

Limitations

It's difficult to control all lighting variables perfectly in a real-world setting. Also, individual color perception can vary greatly.

Reliability & validity

The study's validity is supported by its controlled experimental design and the use of a significant number of lighting conditions and lipstick colors. Reliability could be enhanced by ensuring consistent participant viewing distances and times under each condition.

Think critically

If lipstick color preference on the forearm doesn't match preference on the lips, what other physical or psychological factors might influence how users assess color on different body parts?

05

Design Principles

"Color perception is context-dependent; design for intended use environments."

This research highlights that a product's visual appeal and consumer desirability are not inherent qualities but are dynamically influenced by environmental factors. Designers and marketers must account for how lighting affects color perception to ensure products meet user expectations and achieve desired market outcomes.

06

What This Means for Your Design

How a lipstick looks and how much people like it changes a lot depending on the light. What looks good in one light might not look good in another, and this affects whether someone wants to buy it. Also, women are more affected by different lights than men are.

How to use in your project

  • 1.Use findings on lighting's impact on color preference to justify specific color choices or presentation methods in your design project.
  • 2.Reference this study when discussing the importance of user testing under realistic environmental conditions.
07

Add to My Project

08

Quick Cite

Paragraph starter

The perception of color, and consequently user preference and purchase intention, is significantly influenced by ambient lighting conditions. Research indicates that what appears appealing under one light source may not under another, necessitating careful consideration of lighting in product design, development, and retail presentation to ensure accurate and desirable color representation.

09

Source

Frontiers in Neuroscience

Assessment of color preference, purchase intention and sexual attractiveness of lipstick colors under multiple lighting conditions

journal · 2023

View source

Questions About This Research

What does the research say about lipstick color perception shifts significantly under different lighting conditions, impacting purchase intent and attractiveness ratings?
Designers and marketers must actively consider and test product colors under a range of lighting conditions that consumers are likely to encounter, from retail displays to home use, to ensure accurate and appealing color perception. Evidence: Frontiers in Neuroscience (2023).
Why does "Lipstick color perception shifts significantly under different lighting conditions, impacting purchase intent and attractiveness ratings." matter for design?
This research highlights that a product's visual appeal and consumer desirability are not inherent qualities but are dynamically influenced by environmental factors. Designers and marketers must account for how lighting affects color perception to ensure products meet user expectations and achieve desired market outcomes.
How can designers apply this research?
Designers and marketers must actively consider and test product colors under a range of lighting conditions that consumers are likely to encounter, from retail displays to home use, to ensure accurate and appealing color perception.
What were the main findings?
Light source significantly impacts color preference and purchase intention.. Lipstick color significantly influences perceived sexual attractiveness.. Women are more sensitive to light source variations and exhibit different attitudes towards lipstick colors under different lighting conditions compared to men.. No significant correlation was found between lipstick color preference on lips versus forearms.
What research method was used?
Experimental study with participant assessment. with 60 participants.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence strength is rated Strong effect, based on a 2023 journal from Frontiers in Neuroscience.
What should I do differently in my next project?
When developing or presenting cosmetic products, use standardized lighting booths that simulate various retail and home environments (e.g., warm incandescent, cool fluorescent, natural daylight) to evaluate color performance and consumer response.
What are the limitations?
The study focused on a specific range of CCTs and a limited number of lipstick colors and models. The forearm test may not be a universally applicable proxy for lip color preference.