Short answer

When designing wind turbine airfoils, carefully evaluate the impact of trailing edge gap size on both stall delay and post-stall lift loss, considering the specific airfoil profile being used.

Field
Classic Design
Source
Wind Energy (2025)
Method
Experimental
Evidence
Strong effect

A larger trailing edge gap on wind turbine airfoils can delay the onset of dynamic stall, but may lead to greater lift loss post-stall for specific airfoil types. This classic design research insight is drawn from a 2025 study published in Wind Energy. Using Experimental, researchers explored how this design variable affects real-world outcomes. The key design takeaway: When designing wind turbine airfoils, carefully evaluate the impact of trailing edge gap size on both stall delay and post-stall lift loss, considering the specific airfoil profile being used.

Study
Classic DesignNew This WeekStrong effect

Trailing edge gap significantly influences dynamic stall onset in wind turbine airfoils

A larger trailing edge gap on wind turbine airfoils can delay the onset of dynamic stall, but may lead to greater lift loss post-stall for specific airfoil types.

Wind Energy · 2025

01

Key Findings

  • 01Increasing the trailing edge gap delays the onset of dynamic stall.
  • 02For flatback airfoils, a larger trailing edge gap results in higher lift loss after dynamic stall compared to sharp trailing edge airfoils.
  • 03Flatback airfoils exhibit higher lift overshoot under dynamic stall conditions compared to sharp trailing edge airfoils.
  • 04Increasing reduced frequency impacts the dynamic behavior of both airfoil types differently.
02

Application

Design takeaway

When designing wind turbine airfoils, carefully evaluate the impact of trailing edge gap size on both stall delay and post-stall lift loss, considering the specific airfoil profile being used.

How to apply

When developing new wind turbine blade designs, conduct wind tunnel or CFD analysis to assess the dynamic stall performance of candidate airfoils with various trailing edge gap configurations.

Project actions

  • 01When researching airfoil shapes, look for studies that examine performance under varying wind conditions, not just steady flow.
  • 02Consider how geometric features, even small ones like trailing edge thickness, can have a significant impact on aerodynamic behavior.
03

Method & Evidence

AimHow does the trailing edge gap of thick wind turbine airfoils affect their dynamic stall characteristics, including onset, lift overshoot, and post-stall lift loss?
MethodExperimental
ProcedureWind tunnel experiments were conducted on two thick wind turbine airfoils (flatback and non-flatback) with varying trailing edge thicknesses. Surface pressure measurements were taken at a specific Reynolds number and a range of dynamic reduced frequencies for both clean and tripped airfoils. The influence of trailing edge gap, roughness, mean angle of attack, and reduced frequency on dynamic stall was analyzed.
ContextWind turbine airfoil design

Variables

IV["Trailing edge gap size","Reduced frequency","Airfoil type (flatback vs. non-flatback)","Roughness (tripped vs. clean)"]
DV["Dynamic stall onset angle","Lift overshoot","Post-stall lift loss","Lift and drag coefficients"]
CV["Reynolds number","Mean angle of attack","Airfoil chord length"]
04

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths

  • +Experimental investigation providing empirical data.
  • +Analysis of dynamic stall, which is highly relevant to real-world wind turbine operation.
  • +Comparison between different airfoil types (flatback and non-flatback).

Limitations

The complexity of wind tunnel experiments and the need for specialized equipment can be a limitation. CFD simulations may be more accessible but require careful validation.

Reliability & validity

The use of wind tunnel experiments with surface pressure measurements provides a degree of reliability. Validity is enhanced by investigating multiple parameters (gap, roughness, frequency) and comparing different airfoil types. However, the specific experimental setup and instrumentation would need careful consideration for replication.

Think critically

Given that a larger trailing edge gap delays stall but can increase post-stall lift loss for flatback airfoils, how might a designer balance these competing factors to optimize overall energy capture in variable wind conditions?

05

Design Principles

"Geometric modifications at the airfoil trailing edge can be used to tune dynamic stall characteristics, but these effects are profile-dependent and involve performance trade-offs."

Understanding how geometric features like trailing edge gaps affect aerodynamic performance under dynamic conditions is crucial for designing more efficient and robust wind turbine blades. This knowledge allows for optimized airfoil profiles that can better handle fluctuating wind speeds and angles of attack, ultimately improving energy capture and structural integrity.

06

What This Means for Your Design

Making the back edge of a wind turbine blade wider can stop it from stalling as quickly when the wind changes suddenly. However, for some blade shapes (like flatback ones), this wider edge can cause a bigger drop in lift once it does stall. Also, different blade shapes react differently to how fast the wind speed changes.

How to use in your project

  • 1.Reference this study when discussing the aerodynamic performance of your chosen airfoil, particularly if you are investigating factors that influence stall.
  • 2.Use the findings to justify design choices related to airfoil geometry and its impact on performance under dynamic conditions.
07

Add to My Project

08

Quick Cite

Paragraph starter

Research into wind turbine airfoils has shown that geometric features, such as the trailing edge gap, can significantly influence dynamic stall characteristics. Specifically, a larger trailing edge gap has been observed to delay the onset of dynamic stall. However, this modification can lead to increased lift loss post-stall for certain airfoil profiles, like flatback designs, and also affects lift overshoot. The impact of reduced frequency, representing the speed of wind fluctuations, also varies between different airfoil geometries, highlighting the need for profile-specific design considerations.

09

Source

Wind Energy

Dynamic Stall Characteristics of Thick Wind Turbine Airfoils

journal · 2025

View source

Questions About This Research

What does the research say about trailing edge gap significantly influences dynamic stall onset in wind turbine airfoils?
When designing wind turbine airfoils, carefully evaluate the impact of trailing edge gap size on both stall delay and post-stall lift loss, considering the specific airfoil profile being used. Evidence: Wind Energy (2025).
Why does "Trailing edge gap significantly influences dynamic stall onset in wind turbine airfoils" matter for design?
Understanding how geometric features like trailing edge gaps affect aerodynamic performance under dynamic conditions is crucial for designing more efficient and robust wind turbine blades. This knowledge allows for optimized airfoil profiles that can better handle fluctuating wind speeds and angles of attack, ultimately improving energy capture and structural integrity.
How can designers apply this research?
When designing wind turbine airfoils, carefully evaluate the impact of trailing edge gap size on both stall delay and post-stall lift loss, considering the specific airfoil profile being used.
What were the main findings?
Increasing the trailing edge gap delays the onset of dynamic stall.. For flatback airfoils, a larger trailing edge gap results in higher lift loss after dynamic stall compared to sharp trailing edge airfoils.. Flatback airfoils exhibit higher lift overshoot under dynamic stall conditions compared to sharp trailing edge airfoils.. Increasing reduced frequency impacts the dynamic behavior of both airfoil types differently.
What research method was used?
Experimental.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence strength is rated Strong effect, based on a 2025 journal from Wind Energy.
What should I do differently in my next project?
When developing new wind turbine blade designs, conduct wind tunnel or CFD analysis to assess the dynamic stall performance of candidate airfoils with various trailing edge gap configurations.
What are the limitations?
The study focused on specific airfoil thicknesses and Reynolds numbers; findings may vary under different operating conditions. The investigation was limited to two primary airfoil types.