Short answer

Designers of healthcare systems, policies, and resource allocation models must proactively identify and eliminate biases that disadvantage terminally ill individuals, ensuring dignified and equitable access to care.

Field
Human Factors
Source
Journal of Medical Ethics (2023)
Method
Conceptual Analysis and Case Study
Evidence
Moderate effect

Healthcare systems and resource allocation models can inadvertently discriminate against terminally ill patients by imposing criteria that disadvantage them, thereby impacting their access to care and quality of life. This human factors research insight is drawn from a 2023 study published in Journal of Medical Ethics. Using Conceptual analysis and case study, researchers explored how this design variable affects real-world outcomes. The key design takeaway: Designers of healthcare systems, policies, and resource allocation models must proactively identify and eliminate biases that disadvantage terminally ill individuals, ensuring dignified and equitable access to care.

Study
Human FactorsRecentModerate effect

Terminalism: Unacknowledged Discrimination Against the Dying in Healthcare Design

Healthcare systems and resource allocation models can inadvertently discriminate against terminally ill patients by imposing criteria that disadvantage them, thereby impacting their access to care and quality of life.

Journal of Medical Ethics · 2023

01

Key Findings

  • 01Discrimination against the dying ('terminalism') exists in healthcare settings.
  • 02Examples include hospice eligibility, scarce resource allocation, and legal frameworks like 'right to try' and 'right to die' laws.
  • 03Terminalism is difficult to identify and differs from ageism and ableism.
02

Application

Design takeaway

Designers of healthcare systems, policies, and resource allocation models must proactively identify and eliminate biases that disadvantage terminally ill individuals, ensuring dignified and equitable access to care.

How to apply

When designing any system or policy related to healthcare access, resource allocation, or patient rights, critically evaluate if the criteria inadvertently penalize or exclude terminally ill individuals.

Project actions

  • 01Investigate a specific healthcare service or resource allocation policy (e.g., organ transplant waiting lists, ICU bed allocation, hospice admission criteria).
  • 02Analyze how the design of this system might unintentionally disadvantage terminally ill patients.
  • 03Propose design modifications to ensure more equitable treatment.
03

Method & Evidence

AimTo identify and analyze instances of 'terminalism' (discrimination against the dying) within healthcare settings and propose design considerations to mitigate it.
MethodConceptual Analysis and Case Study
ProcedureThe paper identifies 'terminalism' as a form of discrimination against the terminally ill and provides examples from hospice eligibility, scarce resource allocation, 'right to try' laws, and 'right to die' laws. It then reflects on why this discrimination is hard to identify and its significance.
ContextHealthcare settings, end-of-life care, medical ethics, resource allocation.

Variables

IVDesign of healthcare policies/protocols (e.g., eligibility criteria, resource allocation algorithms).
DVEquitable access to care, perceived fairness of treatment for terminally ill patients.
CVPatient's medical condition, age, socio-economic status (though these might be factors contributing to terminalism if not handled carefully).
04

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths

  • +Identifies a previously unacknowledged form of discrimination.
  • +Provides concrete examples from real-world healthcare scenarios.

Limitations

It can be challenging to gather direct evidence of 'terminalism' from patients due to their condition. Focusing on policy analysis and professional perspectives might be more feasible.

Reliability & validity

The paper's validity lies in its logical argumentation and the plausibility of its examples. Reliability would depend on whether other researchers identify similar patterns of discrimination in their analyses.

Think critically

How can design interventions actively promote the dignity and rights of terminally ill patients within systems that may not be designed with their specific needs in mind?

05

Design Principles

"Equitable access to care for all users, regardless of their prognosis, must be a fundamental design consideration in healthcare systems."

This insight highlights a critical aspect of human factors in healthcare, focusing on the psychological and physiological needs of vulnerable populations. It challenges designers to consider the ethical implications of their design choices in resource allocation and eligibility criteria, ensuring equitable treatment for all users, especially those at the end of life.

06

What This Means for Your Design

Sometimes, rules and systems in hospitals or for medical resources can unfairly treat people who are very sick and close to dying, making it harder for them to get the help they need. This is called 'terminalism'.

How to use in your project

  • 1.Use this insight to justify the need for a user-centred approach in your project, especially if it involves healthcare or resource allocation.
  • 2.Frame your problem statement around ensuring equitable access or preventing discrimination for a specific user group.
07

Add to My Project

08

Quick Cite

Paragraph starter

This research highlights the critical issue of 'terminalism,' a form of discrimination against the dying, within healthcare systems. When designing solutions for healthcare access or resource allocation, it is imperative to critically evaluate existing policies and protocols to ensure they do not inadvertently disadvantage terminally ill patients, thereby upholding principles of equity and user-centred design.

09

Source

Journal of Medical Ethics

Discrimination against the dying

journal · 2023

View source

Questions About This Research

What does the research say about terminalism: unacknowledged discrimination against the dying in healthcare design?
Designers of healthcare systems, policies, and resource allocation models must proactively identify and eliminate biases that disadvantage terminally ill individuals, ensuring dignified and equitable access to care. Evidence: Journal of Medical Ethics (2023).
Why does "Terminalism: Unacknowledged Discrimination Against the Dying in Healthcare Design" matter for design?
This insight highlights a critical aspect of human factors in healthcare, focusing on the psychological and physiological needs of vulnerable populations. It challenges designers to consider the ethical implications of their design choices in resource allocation and eligibility criteria, ensuring equitable treatment for all users, especially those at the end of life.
How can designers apply this research?
Designers of healthcare systems, policies, and resource allocation models must proactively identify and eliminate biases that disadvantage terminally ill individuals, ensuring dignified and equitable access to care.
What were the main findings?
Discrimination against the dying ('terminalism') exists in healthcare settings.. Examples include hospice eligibility, scarce resource allocation, and legal frameworks like 'right to try' and 'right to die' laws.. Terminalism is difficult to identify and differs from ageism and ableism.
What research method was used?
Conceptual Analysis and Case Study.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence strength is rated Moderate effect, based on a 2023 journal from Journal of Medical Ethics.
What should I do differently in my next project?
When designing any system or policy related to healthcare access, resource allocation, or patient rights, critically evaluate if the criteria inadvertently penalize or exclude terminally ill individuals.
What are the limitations?
The paper is primarily conceptual and analytical, relying on examples rather than empirical data collection on patient experiences of terminalism. The focus is on identifying the phenomenon rather than proposing specific design solutions.