Short answer

Designers must actively address the sensory and communication limitations imposed by PPE, integrating solutions that enhance clarity and ease of interaction without compromising protection.

Field
Human Factors
Source
Journal of Medical Internet Research (2020)
Method
Survey-based quantitative research
Sample
956 participants (722 from Israel, 301 from Portugal)
Evidence
Strong effect

The use of Level 1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly degraded communication abilities, which in turn negatively impacted healthcare professionals' situational awareness. This human factors research insight is drawn from a 2020 study published in Journal of Medical Internet Research. Using Survey-based quantitative research with 956 participants (722 from Israel, 301 from Portugal), researchers explored how this design variable affects real-world outcomes. The key design takeaway: Designers must actively address the sensory and communication limitations imposed by PPE, integrating solutions that enhance clarity and ease of interaction without compromising protection.

Study
Human FactorsHigh ImpactStrong effect

COVID-19 PPE Impedes Communication and Situational Awareness

The use of Level 1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly degraded communication abilities, which in turn negatively impacted healthcare professionals' situational awareness.

Journal of Medical Internet Research · 2020

01

Key Findings

  • 01High levels of discomfort reported by users of Level 1 PPE.
  • 02Significant difficulties were experienced with hearing, seeing, and doffing PPE.
  • 03Degradation in communication (hearing, understanding speech) was strongly associated with a decline in situational awareness.
  • 04PPE discomfort had a direct negative effect on situational awareness.
02

Application

Design takeaway

Designers must actively address the sensory and communication limitations imposed by PPE, integrating solutions that enhance clarity and ease of interaction without compromising protection.

How to apply

When designing protective gear or systems in environments requiring sensory impairment, explicitly test for communication effectiveness and cognitive load.

Project actions

  • 01When researching PPE, consider how it affects senses like hearing and sight.
  • 02Think about how communication is impacted by the design of protective equipment.
03

Method & Evidence

AimTo investigate the physical and cognitive human factors influencing the use of Level 1 PPE by healthcare professionals attending to COVID-19 patients.
MethodSurvey-based quantitative research
ProcedureA survey with 10 Likert-scale items was administered to healthcare professionals in Israel and Portugal to assess human factors related to Level 1 PPE use. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, and mediation analysis.
Sample956 participants (722 from Israel, 301 from Portugal)
ContextHealthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic

Variables

IVUse of Level 1 PPE
DVDifficulty with hearing, seeing, understanding speech, situational awareness, discomfort
CVCountry (Israel/Portugal), healthcare professional role, frequency of PPE use
04

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths

  • +Large sample size across two countries.
  • +Identified a clear link between communication degradation and situational awareness.

Limitations

Self-reported data can be subjective. The study did not specify the exact PPE used, which could vary the results.

Reliability & validity

Cronbach's alpha values (.73 and .75) suggest good internal consistency for the survey scales. The use of factor and mediation analysis provides a robust statistical approach to examining relationships between variables.

Think critically

How can designers proactively mitigate the negative impacts of PPE on communication and situational awareness without compromising the protective function?

05

Design Principles

"Sensory and communication clarity must be maintained or enhanced through design, even when protective barriers are necessary."

This research highlights a critical human factor challenge in high-stakes environments where effective communication and situational awareness are paramount. Designers of PPE and related systems must consider how physical barriers and sensory limitations can be mitigated to ensure optimal performance and safety.

06

What This Means for Your Design

Wearing masks and other protective gear makes it harder to hear and see, which makes it harder for doctors and nurses to know what's going on around them.

How to use in your project

  • 1.Use this study to justify research into the sensory impacts of your own design, especially if it involves barriers or coverings.
  • 2.Cite this research when discussing how user comfort and performance are affected by physical constraints.
07

Add to My Project

08

Quick Cite

Paragraph starter

Research indicates that personal protective equipment (PPE) can significantly impair sensory input and communication, leading to reduced situational awareness. For instance, a study during the COVID-19 pandemic found that healthcare professionals using Level 1 PPE experienced difficulties with hearing and vision, which were directly linked to a degradation in their ability to understand their surroundings (Parush et al., 2020). This highlights the critical need for designers to consider how protective gear impacts users' perceptual and cognitive functions.

09

Source

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Human Factor Considerations in Using Personal Protective Equipment in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context: Binational Survey Study

journal · 2020

View source

Questions About This Research

What does the research say about covid-19 ppe impedes communication and situational awareness?
Designers must actively address the sensory and communication limitations imposed by PPE, integrating solutions that enhance clarity and ease of interaction without compromising protection. Evidence: Journal of Medical Internet Research (2020).
Why does "COVID-19 PPE Impedes Communication and Situational Awareness" matter for design?
This research highlights a critical human factor challenge in high-stakes environments where effective communication and situational awareness are paramount. Designers of PPE and related systems must consider how physical barriers and sensory limitations can be mitigated to ensure optimal performance and safety.
How can designers apply this research?
Designers must actively address the sensory and communication limitations imposed by PPE, integrating solutions that enhance clarity and ease of interaction without compromising protection.
What were the main findings?
High levels of discomfort reported by users of Level 1 PPE.. Significant difficulties were experienced with hearing, seeing, and doffing PPE.. Degradation in communication (hearing, understanding speech) was strongly associated with a decline in situational awareness.. PPE discomfort had a direct negative effect on situational awareness.
What research method was used?
Survey-based quantitative research with 956 participants (722 from Israel, 301 from Portugal).
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence strength is rated Strong effect, based on a 2020 journal from Journal of Medical Internet Research.
What should I do differently in my next project?
When designing protective gear or systems in environments requiring sensory impairment, explicitly test for communication effectiveness and cognitive load.
What are the limitations?
The study relied on self-reported data, and the specific types of Level 1 PPE used were not detailed, potentially leading to variations in experience.