Short answer

When researching consumer attitudes towards sensitive products, avoid a one-size-fits-all approach to Likert scale design; tailor the scale to mitigate potential biases.

Field
Innovation & Markets
Source
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (2026)
Method
Online Survey
Sample
1333 participants
Evidence
Strong effect

The structure of Likert scales, specifically the inclusion of a midpoint or 'no idea' option, significantly influences consumer responses, particularly for sensitive product categories. This innovation & markets research insight is drawn from a 2026 study published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. Using Online survey with 1333 participants, researchers explored how this design variable affects real-world outcomes. The key design takeaway: When researching consumer attitudes towards sensitive products, avoid a one-size-fits-all approach to Likert scale design; tailor the scale to mitigate potential biases.

Study
Innovation & MarketsNew This WeekStrong effect

Likert Scale Design Impacts Consumer Response to Sensitive Products

The structure of Likert scales, specifically the inclusion of a midpoint or 'no idea' option, significantly influences consumer responses, particularly for sensitive product categories.

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · 2026

01

Key Findings

  • 01The optimal Likert scale structure for measurement validity is dependent on the sensitivity of the issue being measured.
  • 02Response bias and social desirability bias are important considerations when choosing Likert scale formats for sensitive topics.
02

Application

Design takeaway

When researching consumer attitudes towards sensitive products, avoid a one-size-fits-all approach to Likert scale design; tailor the scale to mitigate potential biases.

How to apply

Before deploying a consumer survey, pilot test different Likert scale formats to see which yields the most nuanced and reliable data for your specific research question and target audience.

Project actions

  • 01When designing your survey, think about whether your topic is sensitive and how that might affect responses.
  • 02Consider offering a 'no idea' or 'prefer not to answer' option if your topic could make participants uncomfortable.
03

Method & Evidence

AimTo investigate how Likert scale structure (midpoint, 'no idea' option) interacts with consumer sensitivity levels to influence response styles in product evaluations.
MethodOnline Survey
ProcedureAn online survey was administered to participants using four different Likert scale versions (4-point forced choice, 5-point unforced, with/without 'no idea') to assess attitudes towards beer (sensitive) and coke/energy drinks (non-sensitive). Product involvement was also measured.
Sample1333 participants
ContextConsumer behavior and marketing research

Variables

IVLikert scale structure (presence/absence of midpoint, presence/absence of 'no idea' option)
DVConsumer response styles (e.g., tendency towards extreme responses, neutral responses, acquiescence bias)
CVProduct type (sensitive vs. non-sensitive), product involvement
04

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths

  • +Large sample size provides statistical power.
  • +Systematic comparison of multiple scale formats across different product sensitivities.

Limitations

The sample was composed of students, so results might not apply to all age groups or demographics. The specific products studied (beer, coke, energy drink) might have unique associations that influence responses.

Reliability & validity

The study aims to improve measurement validity by examining how scale structure affects response patterns, thereby enhancing the reliability of findings related to consumer attitudes.

Think critically

How might the cultural context of participants influence their response to sensitive issues and their interpretation of Likert scale options?

05

Design Principles

"Scale design should be context-aware, adapting to the psychological and social sensitivities of the subject matter to ensure data integrity."

Understanding how scale design affects responses is crucial for accurate market research. Inaccurate data can lead to flawed marketing strategies, misallocated resources, and missed opportunities.

06

What This Means for Your Design

How you ask questions in a survey matters! If you're asking about something sensitive, like alcohol, the way you give people choices (like having a 'don't know' option or an even number of choices) can change their answers.

How to use in your project

  • 1.Use this research to justify your choice of survey scale format, explaining how it accounts for potential biases related to your specific design project's context.
07

Add to My Project

08

Quick Cite

Paragraph starter

The selection of appropriate response scales is critical in design research, as demonstrated by Kurtuluş et al. (2026). Their findings indicate that Likert scale structures, including the presence of a midpoint or 'no idea' option, significantly impact consumer responses, particularly when addressing sensitive issues. This highlights the need for researchers to tailor scale design to the specific context of their inquiry to mitigate response and social desirability biases and ensure the validity of collected data.

09

Source

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Beyond the middle: rethinking midpoint and “no idea” options in Likert scale for consumer sensitive issues

journal · 2026

View source

Questions About This Research

What does the research say about likert scale design impacts consumer response to sensitive products?
When researching consumer attitudes towards sensitive products, avoid a one-size-fits-all approach to Likert scale design; tailor the scale to mitigate potential biases. Evidence: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (2026).
Why does "Likert Scale Design Impacts Consumer Response to Sensitive Products" matter for design?
Understanding how scale design affects responses is crucial for accurate market research. Inaccurate data can lead to flawed marketing strategies, misallocated resources, and missed opportunities.
How can designers apply this research?
When researching consumer attitudes towards sensitive products, avoid a one-size-fits-all approach to Likert scale design; tailor the scale to mitigate potential biases.
What were the main findings?
The optimal Likert scale structure for measurement validity is dependent on the sensitivity of the issue being measured.. Response bias and social desirability bias are important considerations when choosing Likert scale formats for sensitive topics.
What research method was used?
Online Survey with 1333 participants.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence strength is rated Strong effect, based on a 2026 journal from Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.
What should I do differently in my next project?
Before deploying a consumer survey, pilot test different Likert scale formats to see which yields the most nuanced and reliable data for your specific research question and target audience.
What are the limitations?
The study was conducted with students, which may limit generalizability to broader consumer populations. The specific products chosen may also influence results.