Short answer

Prioritize a fair and equitable design process to achieve truly inclusive and just design outcomes.

Field
User-Centred Design
Source
Design Studies (2018)
Method
Philosophical inquiry and theoretical application
Evidence
Moderate effect

Achieving equitable design outcomes necessitates a fair and inclusive design process that considers diverse user needs. This user-centred design research insight is drawn from a 2018 study published in Design Studies. Using Philosophical inquiry and theoretical application, researchers explored how this design variable affects real-world outcomes. The key design takeaway: Prioritize a fair and equitable design process to achieve truly inclusive and just design outcomes.

Study
User-Centred DesignHigh ImpactModerate effect

Fairness in Design Shifts Focus from Output to Process

Achieving equitable design outcomes necessitates a fair and inclusive design process that considers diverse user needs.

Design Studies · 2018

01

Key Findings

  • 01The pursuit of inclusivity in design can create a paradox where addressing the widest audience might exclude specific needs.
  • 02Applying Rawls' theory of justice as fairness suggests that the demand for equitability should shift from the design output to the design process itself.
  • 03The questions of 'standards of justice' and 'metrics of justice' are relevant to design, with a Rawlsian approach being suitable for standards, and metrics requiring revision.
02

Application

Design takeaway

Prioritize a fair and equitable design process to achieve truly inclusive and just design outcomes.

How to apply

When initiating a design project, establish clear guidelines for user research and stakeholder engagement that ensure representation from marginalized or diverse groups. Regularly review the design process to identify and mitigate potential biases or exclusions.

Project actions

  • 01When planning your design project, think about how you will involve a wide range of users and perspectives.
  • 02Consider how your design decisions might unfairly impact certain groups and try to address this early on.
03

Method & Evidence

AimHow can principles of justice, specifically Rawls' theory of justice as fairness, be applied to the design process to ensure equitable outcomes for a diverse user base?
MethodPhilosophical inquiry and theoretical application
ProcedureThe researchers analyzed the paradox of inclusive design (addressing the widest audience vs. considering specific differences) and mapped it onto John Rawls' theory of justice as fairness. They explored how the demands for justice translate from design outputs to design processes and proposed a Rawlsian approach to establishing standards of justice in design, suggesting revisions for its metrics.
ContextDesign theory and practice, particularly in relation to inclusive and equitable design.

Variables

IVDesign process fairness and inclusivity
DVEquitability and inclusivity of design outcomes
CVType of product being designed, specific user needs addressed
04

Strengths & Limitations

Strengths

  • +Applies a robust philosophical framework (Rawls' theory of justice) to a practical design problem.
  • +Offers a novel perspective by shifting the focus from product to process.

Limitations

It can be challenging to ensure true fairness in a design process due to time, resource, or access constraints.

Reliability & validity

The validity of this theoretical application rests on the strength of the philosophical argument and its logical extension to design practice. Reliability would be assessed by the consistency of applying these principles across different design contexts.

Think critically

How can designers practically implement a 'fair process' when faced with competing stakeholder demands and limited resources?

05

Design Principles

"Justice in design is achieved through a fair process that accounts for diverse human differences."

This insight challenges the traditional focus on the final product's inclusivity by highlighting the critical role of the design methodology. By prioritizing fairness in the process, designers can proactively address potential inequities and ensure a wider range of users are considered from the outset.

06

What This Means for Your Design

To make designs that work for everyone, focus on making the way you design fair and inclusive, not just the final product.

How to use in your project

  • 1.Reference this research when discussing your design methodology and how you ensured user inclusivity throughout your design process.
07

Add to My Project

08

Quick Cite

Paragraph starter

The principles of justice as fairness, as explored by Bianchin and Heylighen (2018), suggest that equitability in design should be a focus of the design process itself, not solely the output. This research highlights the importance of ensuring that the methods used to develop a design are fair and inclusive, actively considering diverse user needs and perspectives throughout development to avoid paradoxes of inclusivity.

09

Source

Design Studies

Just design

journal · 2018

View source

Questions About This Research

What does the research say about fairness in design shifts focus from output to process?
Prioritize a fair and equitable design process to achieve truly inclusive and just design outcomes. Evidence: Design Studies (2018).
Why does "Fairness in Design Shifts Focus from Output to Process" matter for design?
This insight challenges the traditional focus on the final product's inclusivity by highlighting the critical role of the design methodology. By prioritizing fairness in the process, designers can proactively address potential inequities and ensure a wider range of users are considered from the outset.
How can designers apply this research?
Prioritize a fair and equitable design process to achieve truly inclusive and just design outcomes.
What were the main findings?
The pursuit of inclusivity in design can create a paradox where addressing the widest audience might exclude specific needs.. Applying Rawls' theory of justice as fairness suggests that the demand for equitability should shift from the design output to the design process itself.. The questions of 'standards of justice' and 'metrics of justice' are relevant to design, with a Rawlsian approach being suitable for standards, and metrics requiring revision.
What research method was used?
Philosophical inquiry and theoretical application.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence strength is rated Moderate effect, based on a 2018 journal from Design Studies.
What should I do differently in my next project?
When initiating a design project, establish clear guidelines for user research and stakeholder engagement that ensure representation from marginalized or diverse groups. Regularly review the design process to identify and mitigate potential biases or exclusions.
What are the limitations?
The application of abstract philosophical theory to practical design can be complex and may require further empirical validation.